• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a process comprising a) preparing the ceramic waste for the mixture, b) mixing the ceramic waste with cement and commercial aggregate with a maximum size of 8 mm to obtain a mortar and c) piece of interlacing for forged of revoltón with wooden beams, made with said mortar of ceramic waste in different proportions. It has its application in the construction sector, both for the rehabilitation of forged with interlocked curd or revoltón of wooden beams, taking advantage of existing ones, as for its complete construction from new materials. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2668027A1
    申请号:ES201601008
    申请日:2016-11-15
    公开日:2018-05-16
    发明作者:Paloma RUBIO DE HITA；Filomena PÉREZ GÁLVEZ；María Jesús MORALES CONDE；Carmen RODRÍGUEZ LIÑAN
    申请人:Universidad de Sevilla；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     DESCRIPTION Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic waste and its application in an interlocking piece for slabs with wooden beams. Object of the invention 5 The object of the present invention is a process comprising a) the preparation of the ceramic waste for mixing, b) the mixing of the ceramic waste with cement and commercial aggregate of maximum size 8mm for obtaining a mortar and c) Interlocking piece for wooden floor beams, manufactured with said ceramic waste mortar in different proportions. It has its application in the construction sector, both for the rehabilitation of floor slabs with curd or wooden beams scrambled , taking advantage of the existing ones, as for their complete construction from new materials. State of the art 15 The construction sector is currently going through an environmental crisis at different levels. Constructed buildings are a direct cause of pollution insofar as they generate waste and consume large amounts of energy during their life cycle. As for the production of construction and demolition waste (RCD), these are generated, mainly, during the stages of their rehabilitation and demolition. Of the total waste generated, in Mediterranean countries such as Spain, ceramic waste accounts for 54% of the total demolition waste from construction, part of it comes from the manufacture of coatings (both vertical and horizontal) as well as, to a lesser extent, the manufacture of bricks and tiles. 25 The generation of a progressive volume of waste leads to undertaking studies on the possibilities of its reuse. In Spain, the National Integrated Waste Plan (PNIR 2008-2015) tries to promote the demand for products from the recycling of RCD, especially recycled aggregates. The viability of the use of this waste and its implementation in new materials and products has a favorable environmental impact and have been collected in research work carried out in recent years. However, the use of recycled aggregates in resistant products such as structural concrete causes them to loseresistant properties, limiting its compressive strength to 150 Kg / cm2, so the EHE 2008 limits the use of recycled aggregates to 20% over the total aggregate. As an alternative, the application of recycled aggregates in non-resistant products and elements such as concrete blocks, pavement pieces or as a sub-base material for road construction is investigated. The substitution of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates has been studied by allocating the thickest fractions to the production of concrete and the finest fractions as recycled aggregate in mortars. The manufacture of mortars by means of recycled aggregates has been collected in several 10 studies, although without specifying the purpose of using these mortars [1, 2, 3] or as the use of fixing mortar [4]. Referring to the manufacture of interwoven parts with recycled products, patents should be highlighted [1,2], although ceramic waste is not used as recycling material. The manufacture of interwoven pieces by means of ceramic waste replacing natural aggregates in different percentages is included in [5]. The pieces detailed here have formal characteristics previously established as a prefabricated element. As for the commercial models currently on the market, the ceramic vaults of curved intrados distributed by Cerámica La Unión S.L. of widths 588 and 605 mm, respectively. Procerau S.A.U. 20 distributes curved intrados of 620 mm wide. Finally, it should be mentioned Tejar Brandís that distributes Mallorcan curved vaults with widths of 500, 600 and 700 mm. As for concrete vaults, the vaults provided by Forjados Orgues S.L. 640 mm wide. With the present invention it is proposed to solve the problem of the enormous amount of waste from the construction sector, with a method of manufacturing a material of useful waste from ceramic waste from the demolition as from the ceramic industry, obtaining a piece of interviewed or vault made with a mortar made with such waste. This piece would respond to a current problem of the rehabilitation of buildings with wooden floors of the historic centers. References[1J E. Fernández Ledesma, J.R. Jiménez, J Ayuso, JM Fernández, J de Brito. "Maximum ugly use of recycled sand from construction and demolition waste for eco-mortar production -Part-I: ceramic masonry waste". Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 87, pp 692-706, 2015. 5 [2J J Silva, J de Brito, R. Veiga. "Incorporation of fine ceramics in mortars". Construction and Building Materials, vol.23, pp. 556-564, 2009. [3J J Silva, J de Brito, R. Veiga. "Recycled red-clay ceramic construction and demolition waste for mortars production." Journal of Materials of Civil Engineering, vol. 22 (3), pp. 236-244, 2010. 10 [4J V. Corinaldesi. "Environmentally-friendly bedding mortars for repair of historical buildings." Construction and Building Materials, vol.35, pp. 778-784, 2012. [5J Process and molding of recycled paper and cardboard for the manufacture of vaults. 2 113 279. Date: 04/16/98. Headline: Juan Moreno Molina. [6J Prefabricated building systems using raw material 15 as waste material (waste polystyrene). MX 2011 008622 A. Date. 20/0212013. Headline: Carlos Rodríguez Jiménez, Noemí Méndez de los Santos, Candelario Oramas Sánchez, Cesar Augusto Milla Bautista, Barbara Ivonne Félix Morales. [7J A. Guzmán Báez. "Study of the fundamental properties of prefabricated non-structural concrete elements, with the incorporation of recycled aggregates in their thick and fine fraction". Master thesis. Polytechnic University of Madrid. Description of the figures Figure 1.- Cross section of slab with wooden beams and prefabricated piece of 25 interwoven. (1) Wood beam (2) Wood slat nailed to existing beam (3) Prefabricated mortar interlocking piece with ceramic waste 30 Figure 2.-Top view of the interlocking piece with ceramic waste mortar (d) Support of the piece on the wooden slats (2cm). (e) Height of piece cant (8 to 16 cm) (g) Total height of the piece (~ 3cm. Tolerance ± 1%) 35 Figure 3.-Bottom view of the piece interviewed with ceramic waste mortar (a ) Length of the piece (19 to 38 cm. Tolerance ± 5%)(b) Width of the piece (25cm. Tolerance ± 5%) (f) Height of the key (~ 3cm. Tolerance ± 1%) Figure 4.-Plan, section and elevation of the crosspiece. 5 Figure 5.-Block diagram of a possible industrial process by mortar plants with ceramic waste. A possible industrial process may comprise, according to the present invention, a supply or collection of recycled ceramics (1), oven dried at 110 ± 5 ° C (2). Subsequently, it is shredded in a mill (3) and a later selection of the grain (4). 10 This grain is stored by granulometry in a protected atmosphere by discarding grains smaller than O, 125mm (5). It will also be done with commercial sand: collection in a protected atmosphere (6), drying (7), selection and storage in a protected atmosphere of the grain, discarding aggregates> 8mm (8). 15 The ceramic and aggregate grain in the percentages determined in Table 3 for the mortar with 30% recycled ceramic will be taken to the dosing and mixing phase (10) once the ceramic has been immersed with the aim of forming a wet layer around it (9). Cement (11) and water (12) are added in the ratio specified in table 3 (13). 20 After dosing, the subsequent kneading (14), molding (15), demolding (16), maturation, quality control (17), storage and / or distribution (18) phases are carried out. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises a process for the execution of mortars using 25 ceramic waste in different proportions for the manufacture of interlocking pieces of wood slabs. These pieces allow to cover interejes and variable songs and it is presented as an alternative in the processes of rehabilitation of the interlocking slabs characteristic of the architecture of buildings of the XVII-XIX centuries (Figure 1). The recovery of this typology of 30 floors is based on the traditional slabs of wooden beams (1) with brick partitioned vaults, replacing them with the prefabricated pieces of the5 invention (3) supported by wooden slats previously nailed to existing beams (2). The process comprises a) Preparation of the ceramic residue for the mixture b) Mixing of the ceramic residue with cement and commercial aggregate of maximum size 8mm for obtaining the mortar. c) Manufacturing of the interlocking piece for the slab The useful ceramic waste is characterized by having a specific granulometry obtained in sieving processes, its preparation comprising the following steps: 10 o Extraction of the ceramic waste from the recycling plant or factory 15 production. o Drying the residue in an oven 11 O ± 5 ° C to constant weight. o Crushing and grinding the residue until adequate granulometry is achieved. o Screening of the residue to obtain a pre-established granulometric curve (the granulometry of these residues varies depending on the percentage of aggregate used in future uses). Ceramic waste is one of the components of the mortar, in percentages of 10,20,30,40 and 50%, together with cement, for example PortlandBI I AL 42,5R, and commercial aggregate 20 whose maximum aggregate size (TMA ) is 8 mm. The mixture for obtaining the mortar comprises the following stages: o Granulometric selection of commercial aggregate. o Granulometric selection of useful ceramic waste. o Wetting of ceramic waste. The recycled aggregate will have a wet layer that will surround it during the phase of addition to the mixture. This layer is achieved by a wetting phase of the aggregate immediately prior to the mixing phase of the mortar components. The wetting will be carried out by an immersion wash of the aggregate. o Mix of commercial aggregate and ceramic waste with cement 30 replacing percentages of different fractions of commercial aggregate with the same fraction of ceramic waste.o Addition of water in proportions from 0.90 to 1.05 in relation to the weight of the cement used (these proportions are determined based on the percentage of recycled ceramics added to the mortar). 5 Finally, the mortar piece is executed with the mortar, vault, with the form attached (Figures 2 to 4) for the rehabilitation of slabs with wooden beams, the pieces having been tested with the most unfavorable geometry. The piece will have the following technical characteristics: 10 o It will be carried out exclusively with the mortar of the invention that has a proportion of ceramic waste of 30% that has proved to be the most optimal for this element in density and strength. o The pieces will have a length (interviewed) between 19 and 38cm (a) Tolerance +/- 5%. o The width of the piece will be 25cm (b). Tolerance +/- 5% 15 o The cant height of the piece will be between 8 cm for the pieces with the smallest cross-section, up to 16cm for the one that covers the most unfavorable. (e) o The key height of the piece shall be at least 3 cm (f). Tolerance +/- 1% o The total height of the piece will depend on the dimensions of the beams of 20 wood on which it rests, between 10.5cm to 18.5cm (g) o The support dimension of the piece in slats of wood that will be placed nailed in the existing beams will be 2cm. (d) o The compressive strength of the piece measured according to UNE 67-042-88 for large-format baked clay ceramic pieces due to its greater similarity in terms of the shape of the element will be greater than or equal to 125daN. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION 1. Mortars In this example of the invention the realization of a mortar with 30 ceramic construction and demolition wastes is carried out as a component in a percentage of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The waste is collected from the recycling plant and / or manufacturing waste, selected and prepared. To do this, theresidue in an oven at 11 ° ± 5 ° C to constant weight and the material is crushed in a crushing mill. Once the milling is finished, sieving is carried out (UNE EN 933-1), selecting the following granulometries, based on the percentage of recycled aggregate present in the mortar (Table 1). Once the residue is selected, the mortar of the invention is manufactured. The mortar of the invention is made by mixing the ceramics previously with Portland BI / A-L 42.5R cement and commercial aggregate with a maximum aggregate size (TMA) of 8 mm. The granulometry of the commercial aggregate varies depending on its presence in the mortar of the invention. (Table 1) Table 1. Sand / ceramic granulometry for different types of mortars% Retained in each sieve% ceramic 10 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25 0.125 TOTAL OR sand% O 0.09 6.5 15.39 28.09 32.38 15.07 2.48 100 10 ceramic% 5,555 2,857 1,428 0,514 0.2 OOO 10,554 sand% O 0.085 5,857 13,857 25,285 29,142 13,571 2.2 89,997 20 ceramic% 5.00 2,866 2,0793 2,053 3,009 3,238 1,507 0,244 19,9963 sand% O 0.076 5,206 12,317 22,476 25,904 12,063 1,955 79,997 30 ceramic% 5,00 2,876 2,73 3,593 5,819 6,476 3,015 0,488 29,997 sand% O 0.066 4,555 10,777 19,666 22,666 10,555 1,711 69,996 40 ceramic% 5.00 2,885 3.38 5,133 8,628 9,714 4,523 0,733 39,996 sand% O 0.057 3,904 9,238 16,857 19,428 9,047 1,466 59,997 50 ceramic% 5,00 2,895 4,031 6,673 11,438 12,952 6,031 0.977 49,997 sand% O 0.047 3,253 7,698 14,047 16.19 7,539 1,222 49,996 The objective is to achieve an identical granulometry of aggregate (commercial + recycled) 15 for all mixtures, regardless of proportions ones that are recycled, orWhether the granulometric curves are the same in all mortars even if they have a different percentage of recycled ceramics. The Icemento water ratio and the necessary quantities of each material are reflected in Table 2, depending on the percentage of ceramics that are recycled. S The compressive and flexural strength of the different mortars is reflected in Table 3. Table 2. Material dosing Kg / m3 Materials / Materials (Kg / m3) Ceramics Cement Water C + A / Cement Ratio A / C SERIES Sand w / c CR 1529.69 0.00 254.95 229.45 1/6 0.90 CR10 1415.25 157.25 262.08 235.87 1/6 0.90 CR20 1215.47 303.87 253.22 227 , 90 1/6 0.90 CR30 1008.42 442.47 240.10 228.10 1/6 0.95 CR40 860.52 573.68 239.03 239.03 1/6 1.00 CR50 689.61 689.61 229.87 241.36 1/6 1.05Table 3. Resistance to flexion and compression at 28 days of the different types of mortars. RESISTANCE RESISTANCE FLEXION COMPRESSION 28 DAYS 28 DAYS SERIES Average of the resistance Average of the resistance daN daN CR-lO 14.04 3.71 CR-20 21.89 4.72 CR-30 23.20 4.82 CR-40 25 , 90 5.57 CR-50 28.24 5.70 5 2. Interlocking piece The mortar manufactured in section 1 will be used for the manufacture of this piece, specifically that which has a recycled ceramic percentage of 30%, for Be the ideal weight / resistance ratio for this purpose. Table 4.-Characterization of the interlocking piece Dimensions (mm) CERAMIC H20 ARENA CEM. WEIGHT (gr) LOAD CHARACTERISTICS RELATION Breaking RECYCLED A / C flexion TECHNICAL abgdef (gr) (gr) (gr) (gr) (Kgf) Ceramic vault 350 250 110 20 80 30 2330 1200 5310 1260 0.95 10123.00 170 recycled (30%) With this piece in the rehabilitation of a floor, 13325 gr / m.2 would be recycled. 
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    5 10 15 20 25 30 Claims 1. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues because it comprises: d) Preparation of the ceramic residue for the mixture e) Mixing of the ceramic residue with cement and commercial aggregate of maximum size 8mm to obtain the mortar . f) Manufacture of the intervigating piece for the slab with said mortar.
    [2]
    2. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic waste according to the previous claim, characterized in that the preparation of the ceramic waste comprises: a) Extraction of the ceramic waste from the recycling plant b) Drying the waste in an oven at 11 O ± 5 ° C to weight constant. c) Grinding and grinding of the residue until reaching adequate granulometry. d) Sieving the residue selecting granulometries greater than 0.125 mm.
    [3]
    3. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the percentage of the ceramic residue in the mortar is 10 to 50%.
    [4]
    4. Process for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the ceramic residue is wetted prior to the final mixture by means of an immersion washing process.
    [5]
    5. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that in the mixture the addition of water varies from 0.9 to 1.05 in relation to the weight of the cement used.
    [6]
    6. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that after mixing, kneading, molding and curing are carried out. 35
    [7]
    7. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the measurements of the piecesPrecast structures vary depending on the type of slab, with a length between 19 and 38 cm and a width of 25 cm, with a tolerance of +/- 5% in both cases. 5
    [8]
    8. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the cant height of the piece will be between 8 cm for the pieces with less intervigating, up to 16cm. 10
    [9]
    9. Process for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the key height of the piece will be at least 3 cm.
    [10]
    10. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues according to previous claims, characterized in that the total height of the piece will depend on the dimensions of the wooden beams on which it rests, between 10.5cm to 18.5cm.
    [11]
    11. Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic residues characterized by its application in a piece of intervigating for floors with wooden beams according to any of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2668027B1|2019-02-19|
    WO2018091755A1|2018-05-24|
    引用文献:
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    ES2224878A1|2003-08-22|2005-03-01|Asociacion De Investigacion De Industrias De La Construccion Aidico.|Recycling of ceramic sludge waste for use in concrete comprises drying by cyclone and press filter assembly, for use as matrix and concrete strength enhancer|
    CN101134659A|2007-07-26|2008-03-05|黄崇敏|Construction mortar|
    CN103864378B|2014-01-23|2016-02-03|湖南科技大学|Regeneration mortar utilizing discarded ceramic tile to produce and preparation method thereof|
    CN104261737A|2014-09-17|2015-01-07|广州大学|Wet-mixed mortar doped with ceramic waste residues and preparation method of wet-mixed mortar|
    CN104817287B|2015-04-16|2016-09-14|华东交通大学|Waste ceramic powder is as high performance concrete admixture and implementation thereof|
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    优先权:
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    ES201601008A|ES2668027B1|2016-11-15|2016-11-15|Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic waste and its application in a piece of entrevigado for wrought with wooden beams|ES201601008A| ES2668027B1|2016-11-15|2016-11-15|Procedure for the manufacture of mortars with ceramic waste and its application in a piece of entrevigado for wrought with wooden beams|
    PCT/ES2017/000141| WO2018091755A1|2016-11-15|2017-11-15|Method for producing mortars with ceramic waste and use thereof in a beam fill piece for slabs with timber beams|
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